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Let us start with the instrumentalist approach that technologies are means to ends and see if it can be improved. Prayers, spoken language and swimming strokes are means to ends; two of them are methods and as such they share a family resemblance with technologies. But we can both reserve the helpful distinction of the time period ‘technique’ as well as sharpen the analytical definition of ‘technology’ if we agree to exclude practices that might be achieved with out exterior, material aid. Yet even for a latest English word ‘technology’ has come to embrace often conflicting meanings. First, I will supply a abstract of Eric Schatzberg’s necessary new opus Technology, which untangles and clarifies the history of ‘technology’ and its cognates as actors’ classes. So ‘technology’ entered the 20 th century as the science of the economic arts, a term of artwork for the German cameralists and a brand-like placeholder term within the United States. Yet in the end the German concept of Techni